AL WASHLIYAH FATWA COUNCIL’S RESPONSE TO CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC ISSUES
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Abstract: This article examines the response of the Al Washliyah Fatwa Council to contemporary Islamic issues. Specifically, it explores the council’s fatwas on terrorism and jihad, communism, Ahmadiyah, women and non-Muslims as leaders, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. This study is conducted as a literature review with a sociological approach. The research data consists of fatwa documents issued by Al Washliyah, as well as other organizational documents. The data is analyzed using the interpretation method. In analyzing the study’s topic, Max Weber’s theory of social action and power domination will be employed. The study suggests that the Al Washliyah Fatwa Council, as the sole authority on religious matters within the Al Washliyah organization, encourages the obedience and implementation of its fatwas by the organization’s members, even though these fatwas are not fully socialized. Additionally, this institution employs religious values as the legal basis for the decisions made in its fatwas, which is evident from the long-standing guideline for fatwa stipulation. The fatwas also indicate that Al Washliyah upholds the traditions of the Shâfi‘iyah school in Indonesia.
Abstract: Artikel ini mengkaji respons Dewan Fatwa Al Washliyah terhadap isu-isu Islam kontemporer. Secara khusus, studi ini mengkaji fatwa lembaga ini tentang teorisme dan jihad, komunisme, Ahmadiyah, perempuan dan non-Muslim sebagai pemimpin, dan lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender. Studi ini merupakan studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan sosiologis. Data penelitian berupa dokumen fatwa yang diterbitkan oleh Al Washliyah, demikian juga dokumen-dokumen organisasi lainnya. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan metode interpretasi. Dalam menganalisis topik studi, teori Max Weber tentang tindakan sosial dan dominasi kekuasaan akan digunakan. Studi ini mengajukan temuan bahwa Dewan Fatwa Al Washliyah sebagai pemegang tunggal otoritas keagamaan dalam organisasi Al Washliyah, mendorong fatwa-fatwanya untuk ditaati dan dijalankan oleh warga organisasi, meskipun faktanya fatwa-fatwa tersebut kurang disosialisasikan secara maksimal. Demikian juga lembaga ini memanfaatkan nilai-nilai agama sebagai landasan hukum dari fatwa yang telah diputuskan, dan hal ini juga terlihat dari keberadaan sebuah pedoman penetapan fatwa yang telah sejak lama disusun. Fatwa-fatwa tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa Al Washliyah meneruskan tradisi mazhab Syafi‘iyah di Indonesia. Untuk memperkuat legitimasi fatwa, Dewan Fatwa Al Washliyah bekerjasama dengan Pengurus Besar Al Washliyah dalam menjalankan fatwa. Kharisma lembaga fatwa ini, dan juga ulama-ulama yang bernaung di dalamnya, membuat keputusan-keputusan lembaga ini diterima tanpa mendapatkan kritikan dari internal organisasi.
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