Ulama and Religion in Modern Indonesia: Zainal Arifin Abbas’s Thoughts on Religion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30821/jiu.v2i1.1138Keywords:
scholars, religion, philosophy, domination, independenceAbstract
This article examines the religious philosophical thought of Zainal Arifin Abbas as reflected in his book Perkembangan Fikiran terhadap Agama (The Development of Thought Towards Religion). The focus of this study is to understand how religion is viewed as a rational element that holds ideological power in shaping human thinking and civilization. Using Antonio Gramsci’s theory of domination as the theoretical framework, this research explores the role of religion as a spiritual and social force in shaping cultural hegemony and social struggle, particularly within the context of Indonesia’s independence movement. The research employs a qualitative approach with text analysis of Zainal Arifin Abbas’s work. The key finding reveals that Zainal views religion as a foundation that connects humanity with both God and society, as well as an ideological force capable of driving social change. This study underscores the importance of rational thought in religious philosophy to comprehend the role of religion as a fundamental pillar of civilization and human identity.
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